Alzheimer’s disease, which is one of the most common forms of dementia, poses a significant challenge for those affected and their families. This degenerative disease primarily impacts memory, thought, and behavior, and develops over time, leading to difficulties in performing daily tasks and eventually, the need for comprehensive care.
Causes and Risks
Although the exact cause of Alzheimer’s disease is still unknown, research suggests the accumulation of abnormal proteins around and inside brain cells. This accumulation can lead to cell damage and death. Risk factors include age, genetics, and cardiovascular risks, in addition to other factors such as head injuries and education level.
Symptoms
Alzheimer’s disease begins gradually, often with mild memory loss and difficulties in thinking and planning. As the disease progresses, patients face increasing difficulties in speaking, reading, and writing, and become more dependent on others. Behavioral and psychological symptoms, such as changes in personality, anxiety, and depression, are also common.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually made through an assessment of symptoms, medical history, and memory and mental function tests, in addition to medical imaging to rule out other causes of symptoms.
Treatment and Care
To date, there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, but there are treatments available that help alleviate some symptoms and improve the quality of life for patients and their families. Medications such as cholinesterase inhibitors and glutamate receptor modulators can help manage mental symptoms. Psychological and social support, in addition to treatments focusing on maintaining daily function and activity.